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| Major depressive disorder vs Major depressive episode |
Major
Depressive Disorder (MDD) is a mental health disorder characterized by a
persistent and intense low mood, loss of interest or pleasure in activities,
and other symptoms that interfere with a person's ability to function in their
daily life. MDD can occur as a single episode, but it can also be recurrent,
with multiple episodes of depression over a person's lifetime.
A
Major Depressive Episode (MDE) is a specific period, usually lasting at least
two weeks, during which a person experiences a depressed mood or a loss of
interest or pleasure in activities, as well as other symptoms, such as changes
in appetite, sleep disturbances, fatigue, and feelings of worthlessness or
guilt. An MDE can occur as part of MDD, but it can also occur in other mood disorders,
such as bipolar disorder.
In
summary, MDD refers to a long-term mental health disorder characterized by
recurring episodes of depression, while MDE refers to a specific period during
which a person experiences symptoms of depression.
symptoms
The
symptoms of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and Major Depressive Episode (MDE)
can be similar and may include:
- Diligent
sensations of pity, sadness, or vacancy
- Loss
of interest or delight in exercises once appreciated
- Changes
in hunger, weight, or rest designs Fatigue or lack of energy
- Trouble
concentrating, simply deciding, or recollecting things
- Restlessness
or irritability
- Thoughts
of death or suicide
To
be diagnosed with MDD or MDE, a person must experience at least five of these
symptoms, including either depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in
activities, for at least two weeks. It's important to note that not everyone
will experience all these symptoms, and some people may experience additional
symptoms, such as physical pain or headaches. It's also important to talk to a
healthcare professional if you're experiencing any of these symptoms, as they
can be a sign of other mental health conditions or medical problems.
causes
The causes of Major Depressive
Disorder (MDD) and Major Depressive Episode (MDE) are complex and not
completely understood. Research suggests that a combination of genetic, biological,
environmental, and psychological factors may play a role in the development of
depression.
Some possible causes of MDD and MDE
include:
- Hereditary
variables: Misery can run in families, recommending that hereditary
qualities might assume a part in its turn of events.
- Neurotransmitter
imbalances: Neurotransmitters are chemicals in the brain that regulate
mood, and imbalances in these chemicals may contribute to depression.
- Brain
structure and function: Studies have found that people with depression may
have differences in the structure and function of certain areas of the
brain, such as the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus.
- Life
events: Stressful life events, such as the loss of a loved one, a
relationship breakdown, or financial difficulties, can trigger depression.
- Chronic
illness: Chronic illness, such as diabetes, heart disease, or cancer, can
increase the risk of depression.
- Substance
misuse: Substance misuse, for example, liquor or chronic drug use, can
build the gamble of discouragement
- Personality
factors: Certain personality traits, such as low self-esteem or a tendency
to worry, may increase the risk of depression.
It's important to note that not
everyone who experiences these factors will develop depression, and some people
may develop depression without any obvious risk factors. If you're experiencing
symptoms of depression, it's important to talk to a healthcare professional who
can help you determine the underlying causes and develop a treatment plan.
diagnosis
The diagnosis of Major Depressive
Disorder (MDD) or Major Depressive Episode (MDE) is typically made by a
healthcare professional, such as a psychiatrist or psychologist, based on a
comprehensive assessment that includes a physical exam, a review of the
person's medical and psychiatric history, and a discussion of their symptoms
and how long they have been present.
To be diagnosed with MDD or MDE, a
person must meet specific criteria outlined in the Diagnostic and Statistical
Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5). These criteria include:
- Depressed
mood or loss of interest or pleasure in activities, present most of the day,
nearly every day, for at least two weeks.
- At least
five of the following symptoms, including either depressed mood or loss of
interest or pleasure in activities:
a. Significant weight loss or gain,
or changes in appetite. b. Insomnia or hypersomnia (sleeping too much). c.
Psychomotor agitation or retardation (restlessness or slowed movements). d.
Fatigue or loss of energy. e. Feelings of worthlessness or excessive guilt. f.
Difficulty concentrating or making decisions. g. Intermittent contemplations of
death, self-destructive ideation, or self-destruction endeavors.
- The symptoms
cause critical pain or disability in friendly, word related, or different
areas of working.
·
The symptoms are not because of an
ailment or the impacts of a substance.
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